{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "DefinedTermSet",
  "name": "VPN 知识库 实体图",
  "url": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
  "inLanguage": "zh-CN",
  "description": "本站覆盖的 VPN 与网络协议核心实体、别名、一句话定义和权威页面，供检索器与大模型直接引用。",
  "generated": "2026-09-08",
  "site": {
    "name": "VPN 知识库",
    "alternateName": "Yalgorup",
    "url": "https://yalgorup.com",
    "description": "系统讲解 VPN 是什么、如何工作、有哪些协议与加密算法，以及隐私、日志、泄露防护等基础知识。中文技术百科，只讲原理，不推销产品。",
    "commercial": true,
    "note": "技术科普部分不含推广链接；榜单与评测页使用合作推广链接，披露见 /affiliate-disclosure/。"
  },
  "silos": [
    {
      "key": "picks",
      "label": "推荐与评测",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn推荐/",
      "description": "按公开可核对的标准整理的 VPN 推荐榜与逐家服务评测，不含推广链接。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN推荐与评测专题：按可核对的标准打分",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn推荐/"
        },
        {
          "title": "2026年中国真正好用的10款VPN推荐",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/best-vpn-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "免费VPN推荐 2026：8个真实免费额度对比，VPN免费版怎么选",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/免费vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "ZoogVPN评测 2026：好用吗、靠谱吗、价格与免费额度",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/zoogvpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN品牌评测：10 家主流服务逐一拆解",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/评测/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Surfshark评测 2026：无限设备、Deloitte 审计与它的短板",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/surfshark-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "付费VPN怎么选：值不值、看哪些指标、怎么买最划算",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/付费vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "NordVPN评测 2026：多轮审计、NordLynx 协议与混淆的代价",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/nordvpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "便宜VPN推荐：低价服务里哪些能用、哪些是坑",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/便宜vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "ExpressVPN评测 2026：内存化服务器、KPMG 审计与它的价格",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/expressvpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "稳定VPN推荐：连接稳定性取决于什么",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/稳定vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Proton VPN评测 2026：开源客户端、四轮审计与免费档",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/protonvpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN订阅与续费：套餐周期、支付方式与退订",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn订阅/"
        },
        {
          "title": "PureVPN评测 2026：价格低、参数齐，审计材料不好核",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/purevpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrill评测 2026：自研 StealthVPN，也是最贵的一个",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/astrill-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "AdGuard VPN评测 2026：混淆是默认的，协议只有一种",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/adguard-vpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VyprVPN评测 2026：Chameleon 协议还在，审计有点旧了",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vyprvpn-review/"
        },
        {
          "title": "PrivateVPN评测 2026：便宜够用，可核对的材料最少",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/privatevpn-review/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "platforms",
      "label": "设备与系统",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/设备/",
      "description": "Windows、Mac、iPhone、安卓、Linux 与路由器上的 VPN 选择与配置。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "各设备的VPN选择指南：电脑、手机、路由器",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/设备/"
        },
        {
          "title": "安卓VPN怎么选：系统级常连接与厂商省电策略",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/android-vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "iPhone VPN怎么选：iOS 上的漫游、保活与系统限制",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ios-vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Linux VPN怎么选：命令行客户端与 WireGuard 原生支持",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/linux-vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mac VPN怎么选：macOS 客户端的差别与权限问题",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/mac-vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "路由器VPN怎么配：覆盖全屋设备的代价与性能上限",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/router-vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "电脑VPN怎么选：Windows 上的客户端与设置要点",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/windows-vpn/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "unblock",
      "label": "访问指南",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/被封网站/",
      "description": "常用海外网站与应用在中国大陆的访问方案，按类别整理。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "中国大陆常用海外网站与应用的访问指南",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/被封网站/"
        },
        {
          "title": "AI 工具在中国大陆的访问方案",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ai工具访问/"
        },
        {
          "title": "流媒体解锁在中国大陆的访问方案",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/流媒体解锁/"
        },
        {
          "title": "游戏与平台在中国大陆的访问方案",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/游戏加速/"
        },
        {
          "title": "社交与消息应用在中国大陆的访问方案",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/社交软件/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 ChatGPT：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/chatgpt-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Claude：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/claude-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Discord：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/discord-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Disney+：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/disney-plus-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Epic Games：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/epic-games-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Facebook：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/facebook-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Gemini：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/gemini-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Gmail：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/gmail-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Google 搜索：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/google-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Google 地图：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/google-maps-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Google Play：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/google-play-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 HBO Max：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/hbo-max-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Hulu：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/hulu-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Instagram：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/instagram-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 LINE：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/line-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Netflix：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/netflix-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Nintendo Switch：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/nintendo-switch-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Pinterest：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/pinterest-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 PlayStation：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/playstation-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Reddit：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/reddit-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Roblox：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/roblox-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Signal：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/signal-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Snapchat：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/snapchat-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Spotify：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/spotify-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Steam：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/steam-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Telegram：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/telegram-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 TikTok 国际版：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/tiktok-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 Twitch：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/twitch-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 X（Twitter）：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/twitter-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 WhatsApp：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/whatsapp-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 维基百科：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/wikipedia-china/"
        },
        {
          "title": "在中国大陆访问 YouTube：方法、注意事项与常见故障",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/youtube-china/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "data",
      "label": "数据与图表",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/数据/",
      "description": "协议普及、加密演进、IPv6 与 VPN 使用规模的公开数据，标注来源与统计区间。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN与网络协议公开数据：图表专题",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/数据/"
        },
        {
          "title": "协议与加密普及数据：HTTP/3、后量子加密与拦截率",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/协议普及数据/"
        },
        {
          "title": "IPv6普及率数据：全球采用比例与它对 VPN 的影响",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ipv6普及数据/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN使用数据：用户规模、市场规模与它们为什么互相矛盾",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn使用数据/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "basics",
      "label": "VPN 基础",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn基础/",
      "description": "从零理解 VPN：定义、原理、用途、类型，以及它和代理、Tor 的区别。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN基础知识专题：从定义到类型的完整入门",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn基础/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN是什么？一篇讲清楚定义、原理与边界",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn是什么/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN工作原理：隧道、封装与握手到底做了什么",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn工作原理/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN有什么用？七类真实场景与它的能力边界",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn用途/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN类型有哪些：远程访问、站点互联与四种部署形态",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn类型/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN和代理的区别在哪？与 Tor 三者的机制对比",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn与代理区别/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "protocols",
      "label": "VPN 协议",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn协议/",
      "description": "WireGuard、OpenVPN、IKEv2 等协议的机制、性能与取舍，以及混淆协议。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN协议总览：五种主流协议的机制与取舍",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn协议/"
        },
        {
          "title": "WireGuard 是什么？现代 VPN 协议的设计与代价",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/wireguard/"
        },
        {
          "title": "OpenVPN 详解：为什么它到今天仍然不可替代",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/openvpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "IKEv2/IPsec 是什么：移动设备上最稳的 VPN 协议",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ikev2-ipsec/"
        },
        {
          "title": "L2TP、PPTP 与 SSTP：三种旧协议的现状与风险",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/l2tp-pptp-sstp/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN混淆与伪装协议：当流量特征本身成为问题",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn混淆协议/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "security",
      "label": "加密与安全",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn安全/",
      "description": "加密算法、日志政策、泄露防护与断网保护的工作方式。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN安全专题：加密、日志、泄露与断网保护",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn安全/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN加密原理：对称、非对称与前向保密讲明白",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN安全吗？把风险拆成六个具体问题",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn安全吗/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN日志政策：无日志到底意味着什么",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn日志政策/"
        },
        {
          "title": "DNS泄露、IPv6 与 WebRTC 泄露：原因、检测与修复",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn泄露/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Kill Switch 是什么？VPN 断网保护的两种实现与验证",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/kill-switch/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "usage",
      "label": "使用与选择",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn使用/",
      "description": "速度、免费服务的代价、评估一个 VPN 的技术标准与合法性框架。",
      "pages": [
        {
          "title": "VPN怎么用、怎么选：速度、免费服务与评估标准",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn使用/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN速度会变慢吗？拆解损耗的真实来源",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn速度/"
        },
        {
          "title": "免费VPN安全吗？先看清它靠什么赚钱",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/免费vpn安全吗/"
        },
        {
          "title": "如何选择VPN：一份可以逐条核对的技术清单",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/如何选择vpn/"
        },
        {
          "title": "VPN合法吗？三种监管模式与常见误解",
          "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn法律/"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hasDefinedTerm": [
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#wireguard",
      "name": "WireGuard",
      "alternateName": [
        "WG"
      ],
      "termCode": "wireguard",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "2016 年提出的现代 VPN 协议，加密套件固定、代码约四千行、握手仅需一个往返，只支持 UDP。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/wireguard/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#openvpn",
      "name": "OpenVPN",
      "alternateName": [],
      "termCode": "openvpn",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "2001 年发布的 VPN 协议，用 TLS 做控制通道，可运行在 UDP 或 TCP 443 上，伪装能力最强。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/openvpn/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#ikev2",
      "name": "IKEv2",
      "alternateName": [
        "IKEv2/IPsec",
        "RFC 7296"
      ],
      "termCode": "ikev2",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "IPsec 体系中负责密钥协商的协议，配合 ESP 完成封装；MOBIKE 扩展让连接在 IP 变化后不断线。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ikev2-ipsec/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#ipsec",
      "name": "IPsec",
      "alternateName": [
        "ESP",
        "RFC 4303"
      ],
      "termCode": "ipsec",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "保护 IP 层通信的协议框架，包含密钥协商（IKE）与加密封装（ESP）两部分。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ikev2-ipsec/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#l2tp",
      "name": "L2TP",
      "alternateName": [
        "L2TP/IPsec",
        "RFC 2661"
      ],
      "termCode": "l2tp",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "二层隧道协议，自身不提供加密，必须与 IPsec 组合使用，双层封装带来额外开销。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/l2tp-pptp-sstp/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#pptp",
      "name": "PPTP",
      "alternateName": [
        "RFC 2637"
      ],
      "termCode": "pptp",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "早期隧道协议，其 MS-CHAPv2 认证已被证明可在有限时间内破解，不应再用于需要保密的场景。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/l2tp-pptp-sstp/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#sstp",
      "name": "SSTP",
      "alternateName": [
        "Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol"
      ],
      "termCode": "sstp",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "微软的隧道协议，把 PPP 帧封装进 TLS 走 TCP 443，外观接近 HTTPS，但闭源且生态受限。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/l2tp-pptp-sstp/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#shadowsocks",
      "name": "Shadowsocks",
      "alternateName": [
        "SS"
      ],
      "termCode": "shadowsocks",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "使用 AEAD 加密的代理协议，流量没有明显协议头，属于「看起来像随机数据」的混淆路线。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn混淆协议/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#obfs4",
      "name": "obfs4",
      "alternateName": [
        "pluggable transport"
      ],
      "termCode": "obfs4",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "协议",
      "description": "Tor 的可插拔传输之一，通过带认证的握手与随机填充抵抗主动探测。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn混淆协议/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#aes-256",
      "name": "AES-256",
      "alternateName": [
        "AES",
        "FIPS 197"
      ],
      "termCode": "aes-256",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "算法",
      "description": "分组对称加密算法，256 位密钥；配合 GCM 模式提供带认证的加密，在有 AES-NI 的设备上最快。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#chacha20",
      "name": "ChaCha20-Poly1305",
      "alternateName": [
        "ChaCha20",
        "RFC 8439"
      ],
      "termCode": "chacha20",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "算法",
      "description": "流密码加认证的 AEAD 组合，为软件实现优化，在没有硬件加速的移动设备与路由器上快于 AES。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#curve25519",
      "name": "Curve25519",
      "alternateName": [
        "X25519",
        "RFC 7748"
      ],
      "termCode": "curve25519",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "算法",
      "description": "广泛使用的椭圆曲线，用于临时密钥交换（ECDHE），性能好且实现不易出错。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#aead",
      "name": "AEAD",
      "alternateName": [
        "带关联数据的认证加密"
      ],
      "termCode": "aead",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "算法",
      "description": "把加密与完整性校验合并为一个原语的加密模式，避免「先加密后校验」次序错误导致的经典漏洞。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#pfs",
      "name": "前向保密",
      "alternateName": [
        "Perfect Forward Secrecy",
        "PFS"
      ],
      "termCode": "pfs",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "每次连接使用临时会话密钥，即使长期私钥日后泄露，此前录制的流量也无法被解密。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn加密/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#vpn",
      "name": "VPN",
      "alternateName": [
        "虚拟专用网络",
        "Virtual Private Network"
      ],
      "termCode": "vpn",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "在公共互联网上建立的加密通道，作用是加密传输并更换出口 IP，其余功能都是这两点的衍生。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn是什么/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#tunnel",
      "name": "隧道",
      "alternateName": [
        "Tunnel",
        "封装",
        "Encapsulation"
      ],
      "termCode": "tunnel",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "把原始数据包整体作为载荷装进新数据包传输的机制；隧道 = 封装 + 加密。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn工作原理/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#tun",
      "name": "TUN/TAP 设备",
      "alternateName": [
        "虚拟网卡"
      ],
      "termCode": "tun",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "操作系统提供的虚拟网络接口：TUN 处理三层 IP 数据包，TAP 处理二层以太网帧。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn工作原理/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#split-tunneling",
      "name": "分流",
      "alternateName": [
        "Split Tunneling"
      ],
      "termCode": "split-tunneling",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "只让部分应用或目标网段经过隧道，其余流量直连的配置方式。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn类型/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#no-logs",
      "name": "无日志政策",
      "alternateName": [
        "No-log",
        "零日志"
      ],
      "termCode": "no-logs",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "服务商声称不持久化保存用户活动记录；连接日志与活动日志是两回事，需以独立审计或司法记录佐证。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn日志政策/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#ram-only",
      "name": "内存化服务器",
      "alternateName": [
        "RAM-only",
        "diskless"
      ],
      "termCode": "ram-only",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "服务器不使用硬盘、系统从只读镜像加载到内存运行，断电即清空全部状态。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn日志政策/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#kill-switch",
      "name": "Kill Switch",
      "alternateName": [
        "断网保护",
        "网络锁"
      ],
      "termCode": "kill-switch",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "隧道意外中断时阻断设备出站流量的机制；系统级（防火墙规则）实现比应用级（进程监控）可靠。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/kill-switch/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#obfuscation",
      "name": "混淆",
      "alternateName": [
        "Obfuscation",
        "伪装"
      ],
      "termCode": "obfuscation",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "消除流量可识别特征的技术：或让流量呈现为随机数据，或让它看起来是普通 HTTPS 访问。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn混淆协议/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#dpi",
      "name": "DPI",
      "alternateName": [
        "深度包检测",
        "Deep Packet Inspection"
      ],
      "termCode": "dpi",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "概念",
      "description": "通过协议指纹、包长与时序统计、主动探测来识别流量类型的技术，不需要解密即可判断。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn混淆协议/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#dns-leak",
      "name": "DNS 泄露",
      "alternateName": [
        "DNS leak"
      ],
      "termCode": "dns-leak",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "风险",
      "description": "域名解析请求绕过隧道发往本地运营商 DNS，暴露了访问过哪些域名。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn泄露/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#ipv6-leak",
      "name": "IPv6 泄露",
      "alternateName": [
        "IPv6 leak"
      ],
      "termCode": "ipv6-leak",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "风险",
      "description": "客户端只接管 IPv4 路由，双栈网络下 IPv6 流量直接走原线路，暴露真实地址。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn泄露/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#webrtc-leak",
      "name": "WebRTC 泄露",
      "alternateName": [
        "WebRTC leak",
        "ICE"
      ],
      "termCode": "webrtc-leak",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "风险",
      "description": "浏览器通过 ICE 收集候选地址，页面脚本无需发起通话即可读取到真实 IP。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn泄露/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#tcp-meltdown",
      "name": "TCP-over-TCP",
      "alternateName": [
        "TCP meltdown"
      ],
      "termCode": "tcp-meltdown",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "风险",
      "description": "隧道内外都是 TCP 时两层重传机制叠加，丢包上升会导致速度急剧退化。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/openvpn/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#mtu",
      "name": "MTU",
      "alternateName": [
        "最大传输单元",
        "Path MTU Discovery"
      ],
      "termCode": "mtu",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "指标",
      "description": "单个数据包的最大传输单元；封装会占用包头空间，MTU 未下调时表现为大文件卡死。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/vpn速度/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#ipv6-adoption",
      "name": "IPv6 采用率",
      "alternateName": [
        "IPv6 普及率"
      ],
      "termCode": "ipv6-adoption",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "指标",
      "description": "请求中使用 IPv6 的比例；全球约 29%，国家之间差距接近 70 倍，是 IPv6 泄露长期存在的背景。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/ipv6普及数据/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "@id": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json#http3-share",
      "name": "HTTP/3 占比",
      "alternateName": [
        "QUIC 占比"
      ],
      "termCode": "http3-share",
      "inDefinedTermSet": "https://yalgorup.com/entity-map.json",
      "additionalType": "指标",
      "description": "全球请求中 HTTP/3 的份额约 21%；它基于 UDP，因此 UDP 受限的网络会同时影响它和 WireGuard。",
      "url": "https://yalgorup.com/协议普及数据/"
    }
  ],
  "datasets": [
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "免费档每月流量额度（GB）",
      "identifier": "free-allowance",
      "unitText": " GB",
      "temporalCoverage": "2026 年 8 月核对",
      "isBasedOn": "/best-vpn-china/",
      "creditText": "各服务商官网公示（本站整理）",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "ZoogVPN 免费版",
          "value": 10
        },
        {
          "name": "hide.me 免费版",
          "value": 10
        },
        {
          "name": "Windscribe 免费版",
          "value": 10
        },
        {
          "name": "AdGuard VPN 免费版",
          "value": 3
        },
        {
          "name": "TunnelBear 免费版",
          "value": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "10GB 免费额度大约能用多久（小时）",
      "identifier": "data-budget",
      "unitText": " 小时",
      "temporalCoverage": "估算值，随画质设置与应用而变",
      "isBasedOn": "/免费vpn/",
      "creditText": "按各类应用的通行码率区间估算（非实测）",
      "secondarySource": true,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "网页浏览、收发邮件",
          "value": 300
        },
        {
          "name": "音乐流媒体",
          "value": 100
        },
        {
          "name": "社交软件刷图文",
          "value": 50
        },
        {
          "name": "1080p 视频",
          "value": 4
        },
        {
          "name": "4K 视频",
          "value": 1.4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "中国大陆连接成功率（每款 30 次尝试）",
      "identifier": "china-success-rate",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2026 年 7 月发布",
      "isBasedOn": "https://seekward.com/zh-CN/security/vpn-in-china/",
      "creditText": "SeekWard《2026年中国十大真正好用的VPN》",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "ZoogVPN",
          "value": 100
        },
        {
          "name": "LightningX VPN",
          "value": 97
        },
        {
          "name": "Surfshark（手动配置）",
          "value": 97
        },
        {
          "name": "NordVPN",
          "value": 73
        },
        {
          "name": "CyberGhost",
          "value": 70
        },
        {
          "name": "Proton VPN",
          "value": 63
        },
        {
          "name": "Astrill VPN",
          "value": 60
        },
        {
          "name": "Mullvad VPN",
          "value": 37
        },
        {
          "name": "ExpressVPN",
          "value": 17
        },
        {
          "name": "Private Internet Access",
          "value": 17
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "HTTP 版本占比（全球请求）",
      "identifier": "http-versions",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "HTTP/2",
          "value": 50
        },
        {
          "name": "HTTP/1.x",
          "value": 29
        },
        {
          "name": "HTTP/3",
          "value": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "后量子加密占人类发起的加密流量比例",
      "identifier": "post-quantum",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "2025 年初",
          "value": 29
        },
        {
          "name": "2025 年 12 月初",
          "value": 52
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "IPv6 请求占比",
      "identifier": "ipv6-adoption",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "全球（2024）",
          "value": 28
        },
        {
          "name": "全球（2025）",
          "value": 29
        },
        {
          "name": "印度（2025 最高）",
          "value": 67
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "请求来源设备占比（全球）",
      "identifier": "device-share",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "桌面设备",
          "value": 57
        },
        {
          "name": "移动设备",
          "value": 43
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "被安全策略拦截的流量占比",
      "identifier": "mitigated-traffic",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "整体拦截率",
          "value": 6.2
        },
        {
          "name": "其中 DDoS / WAF",
          "value": 3.3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "全球机器人流量的来源占比",
      "identifier": "bot-origins",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2025-01-01 至 2025-12-02",
      "isBasedOn": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/radar-2025-year-in-review/",
      "creditText": "Cloudflare Radar 2025 年度回顾",
      "secondarySource": false,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "来自美国的流量",
          "value": 40
        },
        {
          "name": "Amazon Web Services",
          "value": 14.4
        },
        {
          "name": "Google Cloud",
          "value": 9.7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "VPN 用户规模的公开估算",
      "identifier": "vpn-users",
      "unitText": "亿人",
      "temporalCoverage": "2026 年发布的汇总数据",
      "isBasedOn": "https://www.demandsage.com/vpn-statistics/",
      "creditText": "多家行业汇总站点（grabon.in、demandsage.com、sqmagazine.co.uk 等）",
      "secondarySource": true,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "偏低口径",
          "value": 16
        },
        {
          "name": "偏高口径",
          "value": 17.5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "VPN 市场规模的公开估算",
      "identifier": "vpn-market",
      "unitText": "亿美元",
      "temporalCoverage": "2026 年发布的汇总数据",
      "isBasedOn": "https://www.demandsage.com/vpn-statistics/",
      "creditText": "多家行业汇总站点",
      "secondarySource": true,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "2025 年（口径 A）",
          "value": 770
        },
        {
          "name": "2026 年（口径 B）",
          "value": 868
        },
        {
          "name": "2029 年预测（口径 B）",
          "value": 1541
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "部分国家的 VPN 使用率",
      "identifier": "vpn-penetration",
      "unitText": "%",
      "temporalCoverage": "2026 年发布的汇总数据",
      "isBasedOn": "https://www.demandsage.com/vpn-statistics/",
      "creditText": "多家行业汇总站点",
      "secondarySource": true,
      "variableMeasured": [
        {
          "name": "印度尼西亚",
          "value": 55
        },
        {
          "name": "印度",
          "value": 43
        },
        {
          "name": "美国",
          "value": 42
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}